This circuit is a simple form of the commercial UPS, the circuit
provides a constant regulated 5 Volt output and an unregulated 12 Volt
supply. In the
event of electrical supply line failure the battery takes over, with no
spikes on the regulated supply.
Note:
This circuit can be adapted for other regulated and unregulated voltages
by using different regulators and batteries. For a 15 Volt regulated
supply
use two 12 Volt batteries in series and a 7815 regulator. There is a
lot of flexibility in this circuit.
TR1 has a primary matched to the local electrical supply which is 240 Volts in the UK. The secondary winding should be rated at least 12 Volts at 2 amp, but can be higher, for example 15 Volts. FS1 is a slow blow type and protects against short circuits on the output, or indeed a faulty cell in a rechargeable battery. LED 1 will light ONLY when the electricity supply is present, with a power failure the LED will go out and output voltage is maintained by the battery. The circuit below simulates a working circuit with mains power applied:
TR1 has a primary matched to the local electrical supply which is 240 Volts in the UK. The secondary winding should be rated at least 12 Volts at 2 amp, but can be higher, for example 15 Volts. FS1 is a slow blow type and protects against short circuits on the output, or indeed a faulty cell in a rechargeable battery. LED 1 will light ONLY when the electricity supply is present, with a power failure the LED will go out and output voltage is maintained by the battery. The circuit below simulates a working circuit with mains power applied:
Between terminals VP1 and VP3 the nominal unregulated supply is
available and a 5 Volt regulated supply between VP1 and VP2. Resistor R1
and D1 are
the charging path for battery B1. D1 and D3 prevent LED1 being
illuminated under power fail conditions. The battery is designed to be
trickle charged,
charging current defined as :-
(VP5 - 0.6 ) / R1
where VP5 is the unregulated DC power supply voltage.
D2 must be included in the circuit, without D2 the battery would charge from the full supply voltage without current limit, which would cause damage and overheating of some rechargeable batteries. An electrical power outage is simulated below:
D2 must be included in the circuit, without D2 the battery would charge from the full supply voltage without current limit, which would cause damage and overheating of some rechargeable batteries. An electrical power outage is simulated below:
Standby Capacity
The ability to maintain the regulated supply with no electrical supply depends on the load taken from the UPS and also the Ampere hour capacity of the battery. If you were using a 7A/h 12 Volt battery and load from the 5 Volt regulator was 0.5 Amp (and no load from the unregulated supply) then the regulated supply would be maintained for around 14 hours. Greater A/h capacity batteries would provide a longer standby time, and vice versa.
From : http://www.zen22142.zen.co.uk/Circuits/Power/ups.htm